![]() Lift and thrust are artificially created elements devised to enable an aircraft to fly. Drag and weight are elements inherent in any object, including an aircraft. (In turning, diving, or climbing flight, additional forces come into play.) These forces are lift, an upward-acting force drag, a retarding force of the resistance to lift and to the friction of the aircraft moving through the air weight, the downward effect that gravity has on the aircraft and thrust, the forward-acting force provided by the propulsion system (or, in the case of unpowered aircraft, by using gravity to translate altitude into speed). Principles of aircraft flight and operation AerodynamicsĪn aircraft in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight has four forces acting on it. Most planes feature an enclosed body ( fuselage) to house the crew, passengers, and cargo the cockpit is the area from which the pilot operates the controls and instruments to fly the plane. Provision must be made to support the plane when it is at rest on the ground and during takeoff and landing. The essential components of an airplane are a wing system to sustain it in flight, tail surfaces to stabilize the wings, movable surfaces to control the attitude of the plane in flight, and a power plant to provide the thrust necessary to push the vehicle through the air. For an account of the development of the airplane and the advent of civil aviation see history of flight. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!Īirplane, also called aeroplane or plane, any of a class of fixed-wing aircraft that is heavier than air, propelled by a screw propeller or a high-velocity jet, and supported by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. ![]() Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.From tech to household and wellness products. ![]()
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